Harvard Drivers

Classes:

`HarvardDecadac`(name, address[, min_val, max_val])	The qcodes driver for the Decadac.
`HarvardDecadacChannel`(parent, name, channel)	A single DAC channel of the DECADAC
`HarvardDecadacSlot`(parent, name, slot[, ...])	A single DAC Slot of the DECADAC

Exceptions:

HarvardDecadacException

class qcodes.instrument_drivers.Harvard.HarvardDecadac(name: str, address: str, min_val: float | int = -5, max_val: float | int = 5, **kwargs)[source]

Bases: VisaInstrument, DacReader

The qcodes driver for the Decadac.

Tested with a Decadac firmware revion number 14081 (Decadac 139).

The message strategy is the following: always keep the queue empty, so that self.visa_handle.ask(XXX) will return the answer to XXX and not some previous event.

_ramp_state

If True, ramp state is ON. Default False.

Type:: bool

_ramp_time

The ramp time in ms. Default 100 ms.

Type:: int

Creates an instance of the Decadac instruments

Parameters:

name – What this instrument is called locally.
address – The address of the DAC. For a serial port this is ASRLn::INSTR where n is replaced with the address set in the VISA control panel. Baud rate and other serial parameters must also be set in the VISA control panel.
min_val – The minimum value in volts that can be output by the DAC. This value should correspond to the DAC code 0.
max_val – The maximum value in volts that can be output by the DAC. This value should correspond to the DAC code 65536.

Classes:

`DAC_CHANNEL_CLASS`	alias of `HarvardDecadacChannel`
`DAC_SLOT_CLASS`	alias of `HarvardDecadacSlot`

Methods:

`set_all`(volt)	Set all dac channels to a specific voltage.
`ramp_all`(volt, ramp_rate)	Ramp all dac channels to a specific voltage at the given rate simultaneously.
`get_idn`()	Attempt to identify the dac.
`connect_message`([idn_param, begin_time])	Print a connect message, taking into account the lack of a standard `*IDN` on the Harvard DAC
`__repr__`()	Simplified repr giving just the class and name.
`write`(cmd)	Since all commands are echoed back, we must keep track of responses as well, otherwise commands receive the wrong response.
`__del__`()	Close the instrument and remove its instance record.
`__getitem__`(key)	Delegate instrument['name'] to parameter or function 'name'.
`__getstate__`()	Prevent pickling instruments, and give a nice error message.
`add_function`(name, **kwargs)	Bind one `Function` to this instrument.
`add_parameter`(name[, parameter_class])	Bind one Parameter to this instrument.
`add_submodule`(name, submodule)	Bind one submodule to this instrument.
`ask`(cmd)	Write a command string to the hardware and return a response.
`ask_raw`(cmd)	Low-level interface to `visa_handle.ask`.
`call`(func_name, *args)	Shortcut for calling a function from its name.
`close`()	Disconnect and irreversibly tear down the instrument.
`close_all`()	Try to close all instruments registered in `_all_instruments` This is handy for use with atexit to ensure that all instruments are closed when a python session is closed.
`device_clear`()	Clear the buffers of the device
`exist`(name[, instrument_class])	Check if an instrument with a given names exists (i.e. is already instantiated).
`find_instrument`(name[, instrument_class])	Find an existing instrument by name.
`get`(param_name)	Shortcut for getting a parameter from its name.
`get_component`(full_name)	Recursively get a component of the instrument by full_name.
`instances`()	Get all currently defined instances of this instrument class.
`invalidate_cache`()	Invalidate the cache of all parameters on the instrument.
`is_valid`(instr_instance)	Check if a given instance of an instrument is valid: if an instrument has been closed, its instance is not longer a "valid" instrument.
`load_metadata`(metadata)	Load metadata into this classes metadata dictionary.
`print_readable_snapshot`([update, max_chars])	Prints a readable version of the snapshot.
`record_instance`(instance)	Record (a weak ref to) an instance in a class's instance list.
`remove_instance`(instance)	Remove a particular instance from the record.
`set`(param_name, value)	Shortcut for setting a parameter from its name and new value.
`set_address`(address)	Set the address for this instrument.
`set_terminator`(terminator)	Change the read terminator to use.
`snapshot`([update])	Decorate a snapshot dictionary with metadata.
`snapshot_base`([update, params_to_skip_update])	State of the instrument as a JSON-compatible dict (everything that the custom JSON encoder class `NumpyJSONEncoder` supports).
`validate_status`([verbose])	Validate the values of all gettable parameters
`write_raw`(cmd)	Low-level interface to `visa_handle.write`.

Attributes:

`ancestors`	Ancestors in the form of a list of `InstrumentBase`
`delegate_attr_dicts`	A list of names (strings) of dictionaries which are (or will be) attributes of `self`, whose keys should be treated as attributes of `self`.
`delegate_attr_objects`	A list of names (strings) of objects which are (or will be) attributes of `self`, whose attributes should be passed through to `self`.
`full_name`	Full name of the instrument.
`label`	Nicely formatted label of the instrument.
`name`	Full name of the instrument
`name_parts`	A list of all the parts of the instrument name from `root_instrument()` to the current `InstrumentModule`.
`omit_delegate_attrs`	A list of attribute names (strings) to not delegate to any other dictionary or object.
`parent`	The parent instrument.
`root_instrument`	The topmost parent of this module.
`short_name`	Short name of the instrument.
`visa_handle`	The VISA resource used by this instrument.
`resource_manager`	The VISA resource manager used by this instrument.
`parameters`	All the parameters supported by this instrument.
`functions`	All the functions supported by this instrument.
`submodules`	All the submodules of this instrument such as channel lists or logical groupings of parameters.
`instrument_modules`	All the `InstrumentModule` of this instrument Usually populated via `add_submodule()`.

DAC_CHANNEL_CLASS

alias of HarvardDecadacChannel Methods:

`__getitem__`(key)	Delegate instrument['name'] to parameter or function 'name'.
`__getstate__`()	Prevent pickling instruments, and give a nice error message.
`__repr__`()	Custom repr to give parent information
`add_function`(name, **kwargs)	Bind one `Function` to this instrument.
`add_parameter`(name[, parameter_class])	Bind one Parameter to this instrument.
`add_submodule`(name, submodule)	Bind one submodule to this instrument.
`ask`(cmd)	Overload ask to set channel prior to operations
`ask_raw`(cmd)
`call`(func_name, *args)	Shortcut for calling a function from its name.
`get`(param_name)	Shortcut for getting a parameter from its name.
`get_component`(full_name)	Recursively get a component of the instrument by full_name.
`invalidate_cache`()	Invalidate the cache of all parameters on the instrument.
`load_metadata`(metadata)	Load metadata into this classes metadata dictionary.
`print_readable_snapshot`([update, max_chars])	Prints a readable version of the snapshot.
`set`(param_name, value)	Shortcut for setting a parameter from its name and new value.
`snapshot`([update])	Decorate a snapshot dictionary with metadata.
`snapshot_base`([update, params_to_skip_update])	State of the instrument as a JSON-compatible dict (everything that the custom JSON encoder class `NumpyJSONEncoder` supports).
`validate_status`([verbose])	Validate the values of all gettable parameters
`write`(cmd)	Overload write to set channel prior to any channel operations.
`write_raw`(cmd)

Attributes:

`ancestors`	Ancestors in the form of a list of `InstrumentBase`
`delegate_attr_dicts`	A list of names (strings) of dictionaries which are (or will be) attributes of `self`, whose keys should be treated as attributes of `self`.
`delegate_attr_objects`	A list of names (strings) of objects which are (or will be) attributes of `self`, whose attributes should be passed through to `self`.
`full_name`	Full name of the instrument.
`label`	Nicely formatted label of the instrument.
`name`	Full name of the instrument
`name_parts`	A list of all the parts of the instrument name from `root_instrument()` to the current `InstrumentModule`.
`omit_delegate_attrs`	A list of attribute names (strings) to not delegate to any other dictionary or object.
`parent`	The parent instrument.
`root_instrument`	The topmost parent of this module.
`short_name`	Short name of the instrument.
`parameters`	All the parameters supported by this instrument.
`functions`	All the functions supported by this instrument.
`submodules`	All the submodules of this instrument such as channel lists or logical groupings of parameters.
`instrument_modules`	All the `InstrumentModule` of this instrument Usually populated via `add_submodule()`.

DAC_SLOT_CLASS

alias of HarvardDecadacSlot Attributes:

`SLOT_MODE_DEFAULT`
`ancestors`	Ancestors in the form of a list of `InstrumentBase`
`delegate_attr_dicts`	A list of names (strings) of dictionaries which are (or will be) attributes of `self`, whose keys should be treated as attributes of `self`.
`delegate_attr_objects`	A list of names (strings) of objects which are (or will be) attributes of `self`, whose attributes should be passed through to `self`.
`full_name`	Full name of the instrument.
`label`	Nicely formatted label of the instrument.
`name`	Full name of the instrument
`name_parts`	A list of all the parts of the instrument name from `root_instrument()` to the current `InstrumentModule`.
`omit_delegate_attrs`	A list of attribute names (strings) to not delegate to any other dictionary or object.
`parent`	The parent instrument.
`root_instrument`	The topmost parent of this module.
`short_name`	Short name of the instrument.
`parameters`	All the parameters supported by this instrument.
`functions`	All the functions supported by this instrument.
`submodules`	All the submodules of this instrument such as channel lists or logical groupings of parameters.
`instrument_modules`	All the `InstrumentModule` of this instrument Usually populated via `add_submodule()`.

Methods:

`__getitem__`(key)	Delegate instrument['name'] to parameter or function 'name'.
`__getstate__`()	Prevent pickling instruments, and give a nice error message.
`__repr__`()	Custom repr to give parent information
`add_function`(name, **kwargs)	Bind one `Function` to this instrument.
`add_parameter`(name[, parameter_class])	Bind one Parameter to this instrument.
`add_submodule`(name, submodule)	Bind one submodule to this instrument.
`ask`(cmd)	Overload ask to set channel prior to operations
`ask_raw`(cmd)
`call`(func_name, *args)	Shortcut for calling a function from its name.
`get`(param_name)	Shortcut for getting a parameter from its name.
`get_component`(full_name)	Recursively get a component of the instrument by full_name.
`invalidate_cache`()	Invalidate the cache of all parameters on the instrument.
`load_metadata`(metadata)	Load metadata into this classes metadata dictionary.
`print_readable_snapshot`([update, max_chars])	Prints a readable version of the snapshot.
`set`(param_name, value)	Shortcut for setting a parameter from its name and new value.
`snapshot`([update])	Decorate a snapshot dictionary with metadata.
`snapshot_base`([update, params_to_skip_update])	State of the instrument as a JSON-compatible dict (everything that the custom JSON encoder class `NumpyJSONEncoder` supports).
`validate_status`([verbose])	Validate the values of all gettable parameters
`write`(cmd)	Overload write to set channel prior to any channel operations.
`write_raw`(cmd)

set_all(volt: float) → None[source]

Set all dac channels to a specific voltage. If channels are set to ramp then the ramps will occur in sequence, not simultaneously.

Parameters:: volt (float) – The voltage to set all gates to.

ramp_all(volt, ramp_rate)[source]

Ramp all dac channels to a specific voltage at the given rate simultaneously. Note that the ramps are not synchronized due to communications time and DAC ramps starting as soon as the commands are in.

Parameters:

volt (float) – The voltage to ramp all channels to.
ramp_rate (float) – The rate in volts per second to ramp

get_idn()[source]

Attempt to identify the dac. Since we don’t have standard SCPI commands, *IDN will do nothing on this DAC.

Returns:: A dict containing a serial and hardware version

connect_message(idn_param='IDN', begin_time=None)[source]

Print a connect message, taking into account the lack of a standard *IDN on the Harvard DAC

Parameters:: begin_time (int, float) – time.time() when init started. Default is self._t0, set at start of Instrument.__init__.

__repr__()[source]: Simplified repr giving just the class and name.

write(cmd)[source]: Since all commands are echoed back, we must keep track of responses as well, otherwise commands receive the wrong response. Hence all writes must also read a response.

__del__() → None: Close the instrument and remove its instance record.

__getitem__(key: str) → Callable[[...], Any] | Parameter: Delegate instrument[‘name’] to parameter or function ‘name’.

__getstate__() → None: Prevent pickling instruments, and give a nice error message.

add_function(name: str, **kwargs: Any) → None

Bind one Function to this instrument.

Instrument subclasses can call this repeatedly in their __init__ for every real function of the instrument.

This functionality is meant for simple cases, principally things that map to simple commands like *RST (reset) or those with just a few arguments. It requires a fixed argument count, and positional args only.

Note

We do not recommend the usage of Function for any new driver. Function does not add any significant features over a method defined on the class.

Parameters:

name – How the Function will be stored within instrument.Functions and also how you address it using the shortcut methods: instrument.call(func_name, *args) etc.
**kwargs – constructor kwargs for Function

Raises:

KeyError – If this instrument already has a function with this name.

add_parameter(name: str, parameter_class: type[ParameterBase] | None = None, **kwargs: Any) → None

Bind one Parameter to this instrument.

Instrument subclasses can call this repeatedly in their __init__ for every real parameter of the instrument.

In this sense, parameters are the state variables of the instrument, anything the user can set and/or get.

Parameters:

name – How the parameter will be stored within parameters and also how you address it using the shortcut methods: instrument.set(param_name, value) etc.
parameter_class – You can construct the parameter out of any class. Default parameters.Parameter.
**kwargs – Constructor arguments for parameter_class.

Raises:

KeyError – If this instrument already has a parameter with this name and the parameter being replaced is not an abstract parameter.
ValueError – If there is an existing abstract parameter and the unit of the new parameter is inconsistent with the existing one.

add_submodule(name: str, submodule: InstrumentModule | ChannelTuple) → None

Bind one submodule to this instrument.

Instrument subclasses can call this repeatedly in their __init__ method for every submodule of the instrument.

Submodules can effectively be considered as instruments within the main instrument, and should at minimum be snapshottable. For example, they can be used to either store logical groupings of parameters, which may or may not be repeated, or channel lists. They should either be an instance of an InstrumentModule or a ChannelTuple.

Parameters:

name – How the submodule will be stored within instrument.submodules and also how it can be addressed.
submodule – The submodule to be stored.

Raises:

KeyError – If this instrument already contains a submodule with this name.
TypeError – If the submodule that we are trying to add is not an instance of an Metadatable object.

property ancestors: tuple[InstrumentBase, ...]

Ancestors in the form of a list of InstrumentBase

The list starts with the current module then the parent and the parents parent until the root instrument is reached.

ask(cmd: str) → str

Write a command string to the hardware and return a response.

Subclasses that transform cmd should override this method, and in it call super().ask(new_cmd). Subclasses that define a new hardware communication should instead override ask_raw.

Parameters:: cmd – The string to send to the instrument.
Returns:: response
Raises:: Exception – Wraps any underlying exception with extra context, including the command and the instrument.

ask_raw(cmd: str) → str

Low-level interface to visa_handle.ask.

Parameters:: cmd – The command to send to the instrument.
Returns:: The instrument’s response.
Return type:: str

call(func_name: str, *args: Any) → Any

Shortcut for calling a function from its name.

Parameters:

func_name – The name of a function of this instrument.
*args – any arguments to the function.

Returns:

The return value of the function.

close() → None: Disconnect and irreversibly tear down the instrument.

classmethod close_all() → None

Try to close all instruments registered in _all_instruments This is handy for use with atexit to ensure that all instruments are closed when a python session is closed.

Examples

>>> atexit.register(qc.Instrument.close_all())

delegate_attr_dicts: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['parameters', 'functions', 'submodules']: A list of names (strings) of dictionaries which are (or will be) attributes of self, whose keys should be treated as attributes of self.

delegate_attr_objects: ClassVar[list[str]] = []: A list of names (strings) of objects which are (or will be) attributes of self, whose attributes should be passed through to self.

device_clear() → None: Clear the buffers of the device

static exist(name: str, instrument_class: type[Instrument] | None = None) → bool

Check if an instrument with a given names exists (i.e. is already instantiated).

Parameters:

name – Name of the instrument.
instrument_class – The type of instrument you are looking for.

classmethod find_instrument(name: str, instrument_class: type[T] | None = None) → T | Instrument

Find an existing instrument by name.

Parameters:

name – Name of the instrument.
instrument_class – The type of instrument you are looking for.

Returns:

The instrument found.

Raises:

KeyError – If no instrument of that name was found, or if its reference is invalid (dead).
TypeError – If a specific class was requested but a different type was found.

property full_name: str

Full name of the instrument.

For an InstrumentModule this includes all parents separated by _

get(param_name: str) → Any

Shortcut for getting a parameter from its name.

Parameters:: param_name – The name of a parameter of this instrument.
Returns:: The current value of the parameter.

get_component(full_name: str) → MetadatableWithName

Recursively get a component of the instrument by full_name.

Parameters:: name – The name of the component to get.
Returns:: The component with the given name.
Raises:: KeyError – If the component does not exist.

classmethod instances() → list[T]

Get all currently defined instances of this instrument class.

You can use this to get the objects back if you lose track of them, and it’s also used by the test system to find objects to test against.

Returns:: A list of instances.

invalidate_cache() → None

Invalidate the cache of all parameters on the instrument. Calling this method will recursively mark the cache of all parameters on the instrument and any parameter on instrument modules as invalid.

This is useful if you have performed manual operations (e.g. using the frontpanel) which changes the state of the instrument outside QCoDeS.

This in turn means that the next snapshot of the instrument will trigger a (potentially slow) reread of all parameters of the instrument if you pass update=None to snapshot.

static is_valid(instr_instance: Instrument) → bool

Check if a given instance of an instrument is valid: if an instrument has been closed, its instance is not longer a “valid” instrument.

Parameters:: instr_instance – Instance of an Instrument class or its subclass.

property label: str: Nicely formatted label of the instrument.

load_metadata(metadata: Mapping[str, Any]) → None

Load metadata into this classes metadata dictionary.

Parameters:: metadata – Metadata to load.

property name: str

Full name of the instrument

This is equivalent to full_name() for backwards compatibility.

property name_parts: list[str]: A list of all the parts of the instrument name from root_instrument() to the current InstrumentModule.

omit_delegate_attrs: ClassVar[list[str]] = []: A list of attribute names (strings) to not delegate to any other dictionary or object.

property parent: InstrumentBase | None: The parent instrument. By default, this is None. Any SubInstrument should subclass this to return the parent instrument.

print_readable_snapshot(update: bool = False, max_chars: int = 80) → None

Prints a readable version of the snapshot. The readable snapshot includes the name, value and unit of each parameter. A convenience function to quickly get an overview of the status of an instrument.

Parameters:

update – If True, update the state by querying the instrument. If False, just use the latest values in memory. This argument gets passed to the snapshot function.
max_chars – the maximum number of characters per line. The readable snapshot will be cropped if this value is exceeded. Defaults to 80 to be consistent with default terminal width.

classmethod record_instance(instance: Instrument) → None

Record (a weak ref to) an instance in a class’s instance list.

Also records the instance in list of all instruments, and verifies that there are no other instruments with the same name.

This method is called after initialization of the instrument is completed.

Parameters:: instance – Instance to record.
Raises:: KeyError – If another instance with the same name is already present.

classmethod remove_instance(instance: Instrument) → None

Remove a particular instance from the record.

Parameters:: instance – The instance to remove

property root_instrument: InstrumentBase

The topmost parent of this module.

For the root_instrument this is self.

set(param_name: str, value: Any) → None

Shortcut for setting a parameter from its name and new value.

Parameters:

param_name – The name of a parameter of this instrument.
value – The new value to set.

set_address(address: str) → None

Set the address for this instrument.

Parameters:: address – The visa resource name to use to connect. The address should be the actual address and just that. If you wish to change the backend for VISA, use the self.visalib attribute (and then call this function).

set_terminator(terminator: str | None) → None

Change the read terminator to use.

Parameters:: terminator – Character(s) to look for at the end of a read and to end each write command with. eg. \r\n. If None the terminator will not be set.

property short_name: str

Short name of the instrument.

For an InstrumentModule this does not include any parent names.

snapshot(update: bool | None = False) → dict[str, Any]

Decorate a snapshot dictionary with metadata. DO NOT override this method if you want metadata in the snapshot instead, override snapshot_base().

Parameters:: update – Passed to snapshot_base.
Returns:: Base snapshot.

snapshot_base(update: bool | None = True, params_to_skip_update: Sequence[str] | None = None) → dict[Any, Any]

State of the instrument as a JSON-compatible dict (everything that the custom JSON encoder class NumpyJSONEncoder supports).

Parameters:

update – If True, update the state by querying the instrument. If None only update if the state is known to be invalid. If False, just use the latest values in memory and never update.
params_to_skip_update – List of parameter names that will be skipped in update even if update is True. This is useful if you have parameters that are slow to update but can be updated in a different way (as in the qdac). If you want to skip the update of certain parameters in all snapshots, use the snapshot_get attribute of those parameters instead.

Returns:

base snapshot

Return type:

dict

validate_status(verbose: bool = False) → None

Validate the values of all gettable parameters

The validation is done for all parameters that have both a get and set method.

Parameters:: verbose – If True, then information about the parameters that are being check is printed.

write_raw(cmd: str) → None

Low-level interface to visa_handle.write.

Parameters:: cmd – The command to send to the instrument.

visabackend: str = visabackend

visa_handle: pyvisa.resources.MessageBasedResource = visa_handle: The VISA resource used by this instrument.

visalib: str | None = visalib

parameters: dict[str, ParameterBase] = {}: All the parameters supported by this instrument. Usually populated via add_parameter().

functions: dict[str, Function] = {}: All the functions supported by this instrument. Usually populated via add_function().

submodules: dict[str, InstrumentModule | ChannelTuple] = {}: All the submodules of this instrument such as channel lists or logical groupings of parameters. Usually populated via add_submodule().

instrument_modules: dict[str, InstrumentModule] = {}: All the InstrumentModule of this instrument Usually populated via add_submodule().

log: InstrumentLoggerAdapter = get_instrument_logger(self, __name__)

metadata: dict[str, Any] = {}

resource_manager = resource_manager: The VISA resource manager used by this instrument.

class qcodes.instrument_drivers.Harvard.HarvardDecadacChannel(parent, name, channel, min_val=-5, max_val=5)[source]

Bases: InstrumentChannel, DacReader

A single DAC channel of the DECADAC

Methods:

`write`(cmd)	Overload write to set channel prior to any channel operations.
`ask`(cmd)	Overload ask to set channel prior to operations
`__getitem__`(key)	Delegate instrument['name'] to parameter or function 'name'.
`__getstate__`()	Prevent pickling instruments, and give a nice error message.
`__repr__`()	Custom repr to give parent information
`add_function`(name, **kwargs)	Bind one `Function` to this instrument.
`add_parameter`(name[, parameter_class])	Bind one Parameter to this instrument.
`add_submodule`(name, submodule)	Bind one submodule to this instrument.
`ask_raw`(cmd)
`call`(func_name, *args)	Shortcut for calling a function from its name.
`get`(param_name)	Shortcut for getting a parameter from its name.
`get_component`(full_name)	Recursively get a component of the instrument by full_name.
`invalidate_cache`()	Invalidate the cache of all parameters on the instrument.
`load_metadata`(metadata)	Load metadata into this classes metadata dictionary.
`print_readable_snapshot`([update, max_chars])	Prints a readable version of the snapshot.
`set`(param_name, value)	Shortcut for setting a parameter from its name and new value.
`snapshot`([update])	Decorate a snapshot dictionary with metadata.
`snapshot_base`([update, params_to_skip_update])	State of the instrument as a JSON-compatible dict (everything that the custom JSON encoder class `NumpyJSONEncoder` supports).
`validate_status`([verbose])	Validate the values of all gettable parameters
`write_raw`(cmd)

Attributes:

`ancestors`	Ancestors in the form of a list of `InstrumentBase`
`delegate_attr_dicts`	A list of names (strings) of dictionaries which are (or will be) attributes of `self`, whose keys should be treated as attributes of `self`.
`delegate_attr_objects`	A list of names (strings) of objects which are (or will be) attributes of `self`, whose attributes should be passed through to `self`.
`full_name`	Full name of the instrument.
`label`	Nicely formatted label of the instrument.
`name`	Full name of the instrument
`name_parts`	A list of all the parts of the instrument name from `root_instrument()` to the current `InstrumentModule`.
`omit_delegate_attrs`	A list of attribute names (strings) to not delegate to any other dictionary or object.
`parent`	The parent instrument.
`root_instrument`	The topmost parent of this module.
`short_name`	Short name of the instrument.
`parameters`	All the parameters supported by this instrument.
`functions`	All the functions supported by this instrument.
`submodules`	All the submodules of this instrument such as channel lists or logical groupings of parameters.
`instrument_modules`	All the `InstrumentModule` of this instrument Usually populated via `add_submodule()`.
`log`
`metadata`

write(cmd)[source]: Overload write to set channel prior to any channel operations. Since all commands are echoed back, we must keep track of responses as well, otherwise commands receive the wrong response.

ask(cmd)[source]: Overload ask to set channel prior to operations

__getitem__(key: str) → Callable[[...], Any] | Parameter: Delegate instrument[‘name’] to parameter or function ‘name’.

__getstate__() → None: Prevent pickling instruments, and give a nice error message.

__repr__() → str: Custom repr to give parent information

add_function(name: str, **kwargs: Any) → None

Bind one Function to this instrument.

Instrument subclasses can call this repeatedly in their __init__ for every real function of the instrument.

This functionality is meant for simple cases, principally things that map to simple commands like *RST (reset) or those with just a few arguments. It requires a fixed argument count, and positional args only.

Note

We do not recommend the usage of Function for any new driver. Function does not add any significant features over a method defined on the class.

Parameters:

name – How the Function will be stored within instrument.Functions and also how you address it using the shortcut methods: instrument.call(func_name, *args) etc.
**kwargs – constructor kwargs for Function

Raises:

KeyError – If this instrument already has a function with this name.

add_parameter(name: str, parameter_class: type[ParameterBase] | None = None, **kwargs: Any) → None

Bind one Parameter to this instrument.

Instrument subclasses can call this repeatedly in their __init__ for every real parameter of the instrument.

In this sense, parameters are the state variables of the instrument, anything the user can set and/or get.

Parameters:

name – How the parameter will be stored within parameters and also how you address it using the shortcut methods: instrument.set(param_name, value) etc.
parameter_class – You can construct the parameter out of any class. Default parameters.Parameter.
**kwargs – Constructor arguments for parameter_class.

Raises:

KeyError – If this instrument already has a parameter with this name and the parameter being replaced is not an abstract parameter.
ValueError – If there is an existing abstract parameter and the unit of the new parameter is inconsistent with the existing one.

add_submodule(name: str, submodule: InstrumentModule | ChannelTuple) → None

Bind one submodule to this instrument.

Instrument subclasses can call this repeatedly in their __init__ method for every submodule of the instrument.

Submodules can effectively be considered as instruments within the main instrument, and should at minimum be snapshottable. For example, they can be used to either store logical groupings of parameters, which may or may not be repeated, or channel lists. They should either be an instance of an InstrumentModule or a ChannelTuple.

Parameters:

name – How the submodule will be stored within instrument.submodules and also how it can be addressed.
submodule – The submodule to be stored.

Raises:

KeyError – If this instrument already contains a submodule with this name.
TypeError – If the submodule that we are trying to add is not an instance of an Metadatable object.

property ancestors: tuple[InstrumentBase, ...]

Ancestors in the form of a list of InstrumentBase

The list starts with the current module then the parent and the parents parent until the root instrument is reached.

ask_raw(cmd: str) → str

call(func_name: str, *args: Any) → Any

Shortcut for calling a function from its name.

Parameters:

func_name – The name of a function of this instrument.
*args – any arguments to the function.

Returns:

The return value of the function.

delegate_attr_dicts: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['parameters', 'functions', 'submodules']: A list of names (strings) of dictionaries which are (or will be) attributes of self, whose keys should be treated as attributes of self.

delegate_attr_objects: ClassVar[list[str]] = []: A list of names (strings) of objects which are (or will be) attributes of self, whose attributes should be passed through to self.

property full_name: str

Full name of the instrument.

For an InstrumentModule this includes all parents separated by _

get(param_name: str) → Any

Shortcut for getting a parameter from its name.

Parameters:: param_name – The name of a parameter of this instrument.
Returns:: The current value of the parameter.

get_component(full_name: str) → MetadatableWithName

Recursively get a component of the instrument by full_name.

Parameters:: name – The name of the component to get.
Returns:: The component with the given name.
Raises:: KeyError – If the component does not exist.

invalidate_cache() → None

Invalidate the cache of all parameters on the instrument. Calling this method will recursively mark the cache of all parameters on the instrument and any parameter on instrument modules as invalid.

This is useful if you have performed manual operations (e.g. using the frontpanel) which changes the state of the instrument outside QCoDeS.

This in turn means that the next snapshot of the instrument will trigger a (potentially slow) reread of all parameters of the instrument if you pass update=None to snapshot.

property label: str: Nicely formatted label of the instrument.

load_metadata(metadata: Mapping[str, Any]) → None

Load metadata into this classes metadata dictionary.

Parameters:: metadata – Metadata to load.

property name: str

Full name of the instrument

This is equivalent to full_name() for backwards compatibility.

property name_parts: list[str]: A list of all the parts of the instrument name from root_instrument() to the current InstrumentModule.

omit_delegate_attrs: ClassVar[list[str]] = []: A list of attribute names (strings) to not delegate to any other dictionary or object.

property parent: InstrumentBase: The parent instrument. By default, this is None. Any SubInstrument should subclass this to return the parent instrument.

print_readable_snapshot(update: bool = False, max_chars: int = 80) → None

Prints a readable version of the snapshot. The readable snapshot includes the name, value and unit of each parameter. A convenience function to quickly get an overview of the status of an instrument.

Parameters:

update – If True, update the state by querying the instrument. If False, just use the latest values in memory. This argument gets passed to the snapshot function.
max_chars – the maximum number of characters per line. The readable snapshot will be cropped if this value is exceeded. Defaults to 80 to be consistent with default terminal width.

property root_instrument: InstrumentBase

The topmost parent of this module.

For the root_instrument this is self.

set(param_name: str, value: Any) → None

Shortcut for setting a parameter from its name and new value.

Parameters:

param_name – The name of a parameter of this instrument.
value – The new value to set.

property short_name: str

Short name of the instrument.

For an InstrumentModule this does not include any parent names.

snapshot(update: bool | None = False) → dict[str, Any]

Decorate a snapshot dictionary with metadata. DO NOT override this method if you want metadata in the snapshot instead, override snapshot_base().

Parameters:: update – Passed to snapshot_base.
Returns:: Base snapshot.

snapshot_base(update: bool | None = False, params_to_skip_update: Sequence[str] | None = None) → dict[Any, Any]

State of the instrument as a JSON-compatible dict (everything that the custom JSON encoder class NumpyJSONEncoder supports).

Parameters:

update – If True, update the state by querying the instrument. If None update the state if known to be invalid. If False, just use the latest values in memory and never update state.
params_to_skip_update – List of parameter names that will be skipped in update even if update is True. This is useful if you have parameters that are slow to update but can be updated in a different way (as in the qdac). If you want to skip the update of certain parameters in all snapshots, use the snapshot_get attribute of those parameters instead.

Returns:

base snapshot

Return type:

dict

validate_status(verbose: bool = False) → None

Validate the values of all gettable parameters

The validation is done for all parameters that have both a get and set method.

Parameters:: verbose – If True, then information about the parameters that are being check is printed.

write_raw(cmd: str) → None

parameters: dict[str, ParameterBase] = {}: All the parameters supported by this instrument. Usually populated via add_parameter().

functions: dict[str, Function] = {}: All the functions supported by this instrument. Usually populated via add_function().

submodules: dict[str, InstrumentModule | ChannelTuple] = {}: All the submodules of this instrument such as channel lists or logical groupings of parameters. Usually populated via add_submodule().

instrument_modules: dict[str, InstrumentModule] = {}: All the InstrumentModule of this instrument Usually populated via add_submodule().

log: InstrumentLoggerAdapter = get_instrument_logger(self, __name__)

metadata: dict[str, Any] = {}

exception qcodes.instrument_drivers.Harvard.HarvardDecadacException[source]

Bases: Exception

args

with_traceback(): Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

class qcodes.instrument_drivers.Harvard.HarvardDecadacSlot(parent, name, slot, min_val=-5, max_val=5)[source]

Bases: InstrumentChannel, DacReader

A single DAC Slot of the DECADAC

Attributes:

`SLOT_MODE_DEFAULT`
`ancestors`	Ancestors in the form of a list of `InstrumentBase`
`delegate_attr_dicts`	A list of names (strings) of dictionaries which are (or will be) attributes of `self`, whose keys should be treated as attributes of `self`.
`delegate_attr_objects`	A list of names (strings) of objects which are (or will be) attributes of `self`, whose attributes should be passed through to `self`.
`full_name`	Full name of the instrument.
`label`	Nicely formatted label of the instrument.
`name`	Full name of the instrument
`name_parts`	A list of all the parts of the instrument name from `root_instrument()` to the current `InstrumentModule`.
`omit_delegate_attrs`	A list of attribute names (strings) to not delegate to any other dictionary or object.
`parent`	The parent instrument.
`root_instrument`	The topmost parent of this module.
`short_name`	Short name of the instrument.
`parameters`	All the parameters supported by this instrument.
`functions`	All the functions supported by this instrument.
`submodules`	All the submodules of this instrument such as channel lists or logical groupings of parameters.
`instrument_modules`	All the `InstrumentModule` of this instrument Usually populated via `add_submodule()`.
`log`
`metadata`

Methods:

`write`(cmd)	Overload write to set channel prior to any channel operations.
`ask`(cmd)	Overload ask to set channel prior to operations
`__getitem__`(key)	Delegate instrument['name'] to parameter or function 'name'.
`__getstate__`()	Prevent pickling instruments, and give a nice error message.
`__repr__`()	Custom repr to give parent information
`add_function`(name, **kwargs)	Bind one `Function` to this instrument.
`add_parameter`(name[, parameter_class])	Bind one Parameter to this instrument.
`add_submodule`(name, submodule)	Bind one submodule to this instrument.
`ask_raw`(cmd)
`call`(func_name, *args)	Shortcut for calling a function from its name.
`get`(param_name)	Shortcut for getting a parameter from its name.
`get_component`(full_name)	Recursively get a component of the instrument by full_name.
`invalidate_cache`()	Invalidate the cache of all parameters on the instrument.
`load_metadata`(metadata)	Load metadata into this classes metadata dictionary.
`print_readable_snapshot`([update, max_chars])	Prints a readable version of the snapshot.
`set`(param_name, value)	Shortcut for setting a parameter from its name and new value.
`snapshot`([update])	Decorate a snapshot dictionary with metadata.
`snapshot_base`([update, params_to_skip_update])	State of the instrument as a JSON-compatible dict (everything that the custom JSON encoder class `NumpyJSONEncoder` supports).
`validate_status`([verbose])	Validate the values of all gettable parameters
`write_raw`(cmd)

SLOT_MODE_DEFAULT = 'Coarse'

write(cmd)[source]: Overload write to set channel prior to any channel operations. Since all commands are echoed back, we must keep track of responses as well, otherwise commands receive the wrong response.

ask(cmd)[source]: Overload ask to set channel prior to operations

__getitem__(key: str) → Callable[[...], Any] | Parameter: Delegate instrument[‘name’] to parameter or function ‘name’.

__getstate__() → None: Prevent pickling instruments, and give a nice error message.

__repr__() → str: Custom repr to give parent information

add_function(name: str, **kwargs: Any) → None

Bind one Function to this instrument.

Instrument subclasses can call this repeatedly in their __init__ for every real function of the instrument.

This functionality is meant for simple cases, principally things that map to simple commands like *RST (reset) or those with just a few arguments. It requires a fixed argument count, and positional args only.

Note

We do not recommend the usage of Function for any new driver. Function does not add any significant features over a method defined on the class.

Parameters:

name – How the Function will be stored within instrument.Functions and also how you address it using the shortcut methods: instrument.call(func_name, *args) etc.
**kwargs – constructor kwargs for Function

Raises:

KeyError – If this instrument already has a function with this name.

add_parameter(name: str, parameter_class: type[ParameterBase] | None = None, **kwargs: Any) → None

Bind one Parameter to this instrument.

Instrument subclasses can call this repeatedly in their __init__ for every real parameter of the instrument.

In this sense, parameters are the state variables of the instrument, anything the user can set and/or get.

Parameters:

name – How the parameter will be stored within parameters and also how you address it using the shortcut methods: instrument.set(param_name, value) etc.
parameter_class – You can construct the parameter out of any class. Default parameters.Parameter.
**kwargs – Constructor arguments for parameter_class.

Raises:

KeyError – If this instrument already has a parameter with this name and the parameter being replaced is not an abstract parameter.
ValueError – If there is an existing abstract parameter and the unit of the new parameter is inconsistent with the existing one.

add_submodule(name: str, submodule: InstrumentModule | ChannelTuple) → None

Bind one submodule to this instrument.

Instrument subclasses can call this repeatedly in their __init__ method for every submodule of the instrument.

Submodules can effectively be considered as instruments within the main instrument, and should at minimum be snapshottable. For example, they can be used to either store logical groupings of parameters, which may or may not be repeated, or channel lists. They should either be an instance of an InstrumentModule or a ChannelTuple.

Parameters:

name – How the submodule will be stored within instrument.submodules and also how it can be addressed.
submodule – The submodule to be stored.

Raises:

KeyError – If this instrument already contains a submodule with this name.
TypeError – If the submodule that we are trying to add is not an instance of an Metadatable object.

property ancestors: tuple[InstrumentBase, ...]

Ancestors in the form of a list of InstrumentBase

The list starts with the current module then the parent and the parents parent until the root instrument is reached.

ask_raw(cmd: str) → str

call(func_name: str, *args: Any) → Any

Shortcut for calling a function from its name.

Parameters:

func_name – The name of a function of this instrument.
*args – any arguments to the function.

Returns:

The return value of the function.

delegate_attr_dicts: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['parameters', 'functions', 'submodules']: A list of names (strings) of dictionaries which are (or will be) attributes of self, whose keys should be treated as attributes of self.

delegate_attr_objects: ClassVar[list[str]] = []: A list of names (strings) of objects which are (or will be) attributes of self, whose attributes should be passed through to self.

property full_name: str

Full name of the instrument.

For an InstrumentModule this includes all parents separated by _

get(param_name: str) → Any

Shortcut for getting a parameter from its name.

Parameters:: param_name – The name of a parameter of this instrument.
Returns:: The current value of the parameter.

get_component(full_name: str) → MetadatableWithName

Recursively get a component of the instrument by full_name.

Parameters:: name – The name of the component to get.
Returns:: The component with the given name.
Raises:: KeyError – If the component does not exist.

invalidate_cache() → None

Invalidate the cache of all parameters on the instrument. Calling this method will recursively mark the cache of all parameters on the instrument and any parameter on instrument modules as invalid.

This is useful if you have performed manual operations (e.g. using the frontpanel) which changes the state of the instrument outside QCoDeS.

This in turn means that the next snapshot of the instrument will trigger a (potentially slow) reread of all parameters of the instrument if you pass update=None to snapshot.

property label: str: Nicely formatted label of the instrument.

load_metadata(metadata: Mapping[str, Any]) → None

Load metadata into this classes metadata dictionary.

Parameters:: metadata – Metadata to load.

property name: str

Full name of the instrument

This is equivalent to full_name() for backwards compatibility.

property name_parts: list[str]: A list of all the parts of the instrument name from root_instrument() to the current InstrumentModule.

omit_delegate_attrs: ClassVar[list[str]] = []: A list of attribute names (strings) to not delegate to any other dictionary or object.

property parent: InstrumentBase: The parent instrument. By default, this is None. Any SubInstrument should subclass this to return the parent instrument.

print_readable_snapshot(update: bool = False, max_chars: int = 80) → None

Prints a readable version of the snapshot. The readable snapshot includes the name, value and unit of each parameter. A convenience function to quickly get an overview of the status of an instrument.

Parameters:

update – If True, update the state by querying the instrument. If False, just use the latest values in memory. This argument gets passed to the snapshot function.
max_chars – the maximum number of characters per line. The readable snapshot will be cropped if this value is exceeded. Defaults to 80 to be consistent with default terminal width.

property root_instrument: InstrumentBase

The topmost parent of this module.

For the root_instrument this is self.

set(param_name: str, value: Any) → None

Shortcut for setting a parameter from its name and new value.

Parameters:

param_name – The name of a parameter of this instrument.
value – The new value to set.

property short_name: str

Short name of the instrument.

For an InstrumentModule this does not include any parent names.

snapshot(update: bool | None = False) → dict[str, Any]

Decorate a snapshot dictionary with metadata. DO NOT override this method if you want metadata in the snapshot instead, override snapshot_base().

Parameters:: update – Passed to snapshot_base.
Returns:: Base snapshot.

snapshot_base(update: bool | None = False, params_to_skip_update: Sequence[str] | None = None) → dict[Any, Any]

State of the instrument as a JSON-compatible dict (everything that the custom JSON encoder class NumpyJSONEncoder supports).

Parameters:

update – If True, update the state by querying the instrument. If None update the state if known to be invalid. If False, just use the latest values in memory and never update state.
params_to_skip_update – List of parameter names that will be skipped in update even if update is True. This is useful if you have parameters that are slow to update but can be updated in a different way (as in the qdac). If you want to skip the update of certain parameters in all snapshots, use the snapshot_get attribute of those parameters instead.

Returns:

base snapshot

Return type:

dict

validate_status(verbose: bool = False) → None

Validate the values of all gettable parameters

The validation is done for all parameters that have both a get and set method.

Parameters:: verbose – If True, then information about the parameters that are being check is printed.

write_raw(cmd: str) → None

parameters: dict[str, ParameterBase] = {}: All the parameters supported by this instrument. Usually populated via add_parameter().

functions: dict[str, Function] = {}: All the functions supported by this instrument. Usually populated via add_function().

submodules: dict[str, InstrumentModule | ChannelTuple] = {}: All the submodules of this instrument such as channel lists or logical groupings of parameters. Usually populated via add_submodule().

instrument_modules: dict[str, InstrumentModule] = {}: All the InstrumentModule of this instrument Usually populated via add_submodule().

log: InstrumentLoggerAdapter = get_instrument_logger(self, __name__)

metadata: dict[str, Any] = {}